Scaling limit and universality for one-dimensional long-range first-passage metric in the linear-growth regime

We prove universal Gaussian and stable fluctuation limits for one-dimensional long-range first-passage percolation with edge times \|x-y\|^αωx,y. The positive i.i.d. weights satisfy P(ω≤ t)=tθ+o(1) as t↓0 and E(ω^ζ)<∞ for some $θ,ζ>0$. For $α>1+2/θ$, the passage time $T(0,n)$ has a positive deterministic linear growth rate $μ$. For $α>1+3/θ$, we establish a Gaussian central limit theorem with linear asymptotic variance, a functional version, and limit theorems for geodesic hop and cut point counts. For $1+2/θ<α<1+3/θ$, assuming a regularly varying lower tail, we obtain a totally left-skewed stable limit with index $β=θ(α-1)-1$ and an explicit scale, together with convergence to a spectrally negative stable Lévy process in the Skorokhod M₁ topology. The proof constructs i.i.d. blocks between hubs through which every crossing geodesic must pass. A spread-out comparison metric makes this regeneration available for every $ζ>0$, even when the edge law has infinite mean. The key estimate identifies the exact left-tail asymptotic of the centered block reward, generated by a single fast long edge. A monotone within-block approximation yields the functional stable limit.