Highland cattle as a species with potential for animal-assisted services

Highland Cattle, as a primitive breed with a calm temperament and gentle disposition, have recently been considered as a potential species for animal-assisted services (AAS). Their non-verbal communication, predictable behavior, and social cohesion may facilitate safe and voluntary human-animal interactions. In line with green care principles, Highland Cattle are typically kept in extensive systems resembling their natural habitat, which supports welfare and may reduce behavioral reactivity. This paper reviews the available literature and presents an qualitive and illustrative case study from the “Kudłaty Zakątek” farm, in which behavioral characteristics described in the literature were also observed. Available literature and practical observations suggest that Highland Cattle may support educational, recreational, and alternative forms of AAS, provided that species-specific needs and voluntary contact are respected.