Advances in platinum-based drug development for cervical cancer therapy

Cervical cancer remains a predominant malignancy of the female reproductive system and a critical global health challenge. Traditional platinum-based agents such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are cornerstones in postoperative adjuvant therapy, management of locally advanced cases, and systemic treatment of recurrent/metastatic disease. However, their clinical efficacy is frequently hampered by severe systemic toxicities and the emergence of chemoresistance. To address these bottlenecks, diverse nano-delivery platforms have been engineered to enhance bioavailability and mitigate adverse effects. This review systematically delineates the evolution of first-to third-generation platinum drugs, elucidating their molecular mechanisms of action specifically within the landscape of cervical cancer. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the clinical application of these agents and provide a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in nano-delivery systems, including targeted and stimuli-responsive carriers. By bridging traditional pharmacology with cutting-edge nanotechnology, this review offers strategic insights into achieving precise delivery and controlled release, potentially defining new paradigms for the next-generation of cervical cancer therapeutics.