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316LVM stainless steel is widely used in biomedical applications but suffers from limited corrosion resistance, requiring surface modification. This review examines electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of hydroxyapatite (HA)-based coatings to enhance corrosion resistance, bioactivity, and osseointegration. While HA offers excellent biocompatibility, its mechanical limitations are improved by incorporating TiO₂ and ZrO₂ nanoparticles. Overall, EPD-derived composite coatings show strong potential for improving implant performance, with further optimization and long-term validation needed.
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Shakir et al. (2026) studied this question.
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