Morphological Characterization and Flower Biology of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. has broad and diverse potential, highlighting the importance of its continuous development and sustainable utilization. This study aimed to analyze the morphological characteristics and floral biology of H. rosa-sinensis. Information on morphological characteristics can serve as a basis for plant breeding programs, particularly hybridization. The study was conducted from February to December 2023 in Cipanas District, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia, at an elevation of approximately 1,100 m above sea level. Direct observations were carried out on eight accessions of H. rosa-sinensis. The evaluated traits consisted of eight qualitative and nine quantitative characteristics. The results showed that plant height ranged from 93.8 to 104.4 cm. Leaf color varied from moderate green and dark green to deep yellowish green. Leaf shape was ovate to obtuse, with obtuse to rounded leaf bases. Corolla color exhibited considerable variation, including deep purplish, white, moderate orange, pale orange-yellow, brownish orange, light purplish pink, vivid red, and strong orange. Flower diameter ranged from 7.8 to 8.8 cm, petal width from 3.13 to 3.80 cm, and petal length from 5.30 to 6.80 cm. The maximum leaf length and width were 5.23 cm and 5.10 cm, respectively. Flower buds emerged approximately 27–35 days after planting (DAP), flowers began to bloom at 59–67 DAP, and senescence followed by flower abscission occurred at 1–2 DAA.