Characterization and Chemical Composition Analysis of Coconut Coir-Derived Cocopeat as a Green Chemistry-Based Growing Medium

Coconut coir waste has potential as a sustainable growing medium; however, its high lignin content limits biodegradation and may restrict nutrient availability, reducing its agricultural utilization. This study aimed to improve the chemical characteristics of coconut coir-derived cocopeat through sequential alkaline delignification and microbial fermentation. Delignification was conducted using NaOH concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7%, followed by fermentation with EM4 at volumes of 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mL for 10 days. Lignin content and macronutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) were evaluated to determine treatment effectiveness against untreated material and relevant compost quality standards. Initial lignin content was 53%, decreasing to 49.0%, 40.1%, and 37.6% following treatment with 3%, 5%, and 7% NaOH, respectively. The combination of 7% NaOH and 9 mL EM4 produced the highest nutrient concentrations, reaching 1.0098% nitrogen, 0.1298% phosphorus, and 0.3972% potassium. All treatments exceeded the minimum nitrogen and potassium requirements specified in SNI 19-7030-2004, while phosphorus requirements were achieved in treatments combining 7% NaOH with 3–9 mL EM4. These findings demonstrate that sequential delignification and fermentation can improve cocopeat quality and promote coconut waste valorization, supporting sustainable resource management and the objectives of SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 2: Zero HungerSDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 15: Life on Land