A Cartography of Antonio Gramsci’s Pedagogical Itinerary Between Italy and Latin America (1968–91)

This article examines the itinerary of Antonio Gramsci’s writings in the Italian and Latin American pedagogical fields between 1968 and 1991, from the protest movements of 1968 to the dissolution of the USSR. In Italy, the most dynamic phase of pedagogical studies of Gramsci occurred between 1968 and 1976, while in Latin America it extended from the mid-1970s to 1991. The article hypothesizes that the crisis of Marxism in the 1970s had different effects in the two regions. In Italy, it led to a retraction of Gramscian pedagogical studies, whereas in Latin America intellectuals continued to work within the crisis-ridden Marxist paradigm and turned to Gramsci to renew educational research. The article concludes that the circulation of Gramsci’s pedagogical ideas between the two regions was shaped by two intersecting conditions: center–periphery dynamics and a patriarchal logic that influenced the production, circulation, and reception of Gramscian pedagogical thought.