Kopi Ngaji as an Inclusive Space: A Study of the Experiences and Perceptions of Deaf Congregations

This study aims to examine the inclusive practices of deaf congregations in the Kopi Ngaji da'wah program located at Omah Sawah Bodeh, Ambarketawang, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and data collection techniques in the form of semi-structured interviews with the program founder, deaf congregations, and sign language interpreters, this study explores the forms of participation, challenges of da'wah communication, and strategies for sustaining inclusivity. The results show that inclusivity does not only originate from formal institutional design, but grows from community awareness, technological adaptation, and relational roles between individuals. The use of sign language and automatic transcription applications serves as a communication bridge between preachers and deaf congregations. An open, informal, and disability-friendly learning environment also strengthens congregation involvement. However, the limited number of sign language interpreters and difficulties in initial mobilization remain major obstacles. This study recommends the need to strengthen the capacity of da'wah volunteers with disabilities, sign language training for community da'wah managers, and synergy between institutions to create a more accessible and equitable da'wah space. These findings contribute to the development of a community-based inclusive da'wah model that is relevant in an increasingly pluralistic social era.