Left Ventricular Assist Device Complications: A Review of Recent Advances

心力衰竭会导致左心功能降低，随着病情的发展，患者会出现呼吸困难，急性肺水肿，心源性休克等症状。左心室辅助装置(Left Ventricular Assist Devices, LVAD)是晚期心力衰竭的常见治疗方法。这是一个与心脏相连的小型设备，采用机械循环支持的形式，帮助心脏将富含氧气的血液泵送至全身。心力衰竭患病率持续上升，若只依靠药物治疗只会增加死亡的风险。且随着人口老龄化现象加剧，心力衰竭的患者也随之增多，但由于供体数量有限，LVAD在终末期心力衰竭的治疗中具有不可替代的作用。深入了解LVAD的并发症有助于更好的预防和治疗，提前干预和筛查。因此，着力解决LVAD带来的并发症问题，并且更好的进行术前的评估和术后的预后才能使LVAD进一步的为心力衰竭的患者提供便利。LVAD相关的并发症主要有右心衰竭(Right Ventricular Failure, RVF)、胃肠道出血、脑卒中、感染、主动脉瓣反流、心律失常和一些较罕见的并发症。本篇综述详细归纳使用LVAD后的并发症，并总结了相应并发症的解决方案。Heart failure leads to reduced left ventricular function, and as the condition progresses, patients may experience symptoms such as dyspnea, acute pulmonary edema, and cardiogenic shock. The Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) is a common treatment for advanced heart failure. It is a small mechanical circulatory support device connected to the heart, helping it pump oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. The prevalence of heart failure continues to rise, and relying solely on medication only increases the risk of mortality. Moreover, with the intensification of population aging, the number of heart failure patients is increasing. However, due to the limited availability of donor hearts, LVAD plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of end-stage heart failure. A deeper understanding of LVAD-related complications can contribute to better prevention, treatment, early intervention, and screening. Therefore, addressing the complications associated with LVAD and improving preoperative evaluation and postoperative prognosis are essential to further enhance the benefits LVAD provides for heart failure patients. Common complications related to LVAD include right ventricular failure (RVF), gastrointestinal bleeding, stroke, infection, aortic regurgitation, arrhythmias, and some rarer complications. This review provides a detailed summary of the complications following LVAD use and outlines corresponding management strategies.