Prevalence of positive chronic kidney disease screening results and associated risk factors among adults aged ≥ 20 years in Baghdad, Iraq: A retrospective study

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early screening among high-risk individuals is essential for timely detection and intervention. Objective: To determine the prevalence of positive CKD screening results and identify associated risk factors among adults aged ≥ 20 years in Baghdad, Iraq. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 635 adults with recorded CKD risk factors. Data included sociodemographic characteristics, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, personal and family histories of CKD, drug history, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine protein screening. Statistical associations were assessed using appropriate tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results: The mean age was 57.4 ± 13.5 years, and 53.9% were females. Hypertension (49.0%) and diabetes mellitus (23.3%) were common risk factors. Positive CKD screening results were detected in 13.2% of participants, while 8.5% had proteinuria and 7.4% had eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Screening positivity was significantly associated with age (P = 0.003), hypertension (P = 0.004), and diabetes (P = 0.002). Multivariable analysis identified increasing age (AOR=1.04; P < 0.001) and diabetes (AOR=1.81; P = 0.026) as independent associated factors. Conclusion: Positive CKD screening results were common among high-risk adults, emphasizing the importance of targeted screening, particularly among older individuals and patients with diabetes.