Determinants of Community Compliance With COVID 19 Health Protocols in Indonesia: An Integrative Literature Review

Background: Community compliance with health protocols was essential during the early COVID 19 pandemic. Understanding its determinants may inform preparedness for future respiratory outbreaks. Objectives: This integrative literature review synthesized Indonesian evidence on factors associated with community compliance with COVID 19 preventive protocols. Methods: Google Scholar was the documented search source. Of 31 initially identified records, 16 remained after restriction, and six studies met eligibility criteria. Eligible studies examined community compliance with preventive protocols and provided accessible full text. Findings were synthesized descriptively using a Health Belief Model informed framework. Results: Across six studies, compliance was associated with cognitive factors, including knowledge, awareness, perceived threat, and perceived barriers; motivational and social factors, including attitudes, concern, motivation, and social environment; and structural factors, particularly facility availability. Findings varied across study settings, suggesting that compliance reflected interactions among individual perceptions, social influences, and environmental opportunities. Conclusions: Community compliance during the early pandemic was associated with interconnected cognitive, motivational, social, and structural factors. These findings provide contextual lessons for designing integrated health promotion strategies and strengthening preparedness for future respiratory outbreaks.