Corporate Social Responsibility in India: An Overview

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as an important mechanism for promoting social welfare and sustainable development in India. This paper provides an overview of the statutory framework governing CSR under Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, including its applicability thresholds, expenditure requirements, committee structure, governance functions, reporting obligations, eligible activities under Schedule VII, and the treatment of unspent amounts. It also examines constitutional and ethical justifications for corporate responsibility, with particular reference to the right to life and a clean environment, the Polluter Pays Principle, and the relationship between business operations and stakeholder welfare. The paper highlights the role of CSR in supporting inclusive and sustainable development while noting the continuing importance of integrating environmental and social considerations into core business decisions.