Synthesis and Characterization of α-Ca3(PO4)2/Honey Composite Cement for Bone Tissue Engineering

The material characteristics and biological performance of a novel α-TCP (α-tricalcium phosphate)/honey composite cement were evaluated. While honey addition alters the mechanical properties and prolongs the setting process, it significantly enhances the cement’s therapeutic potential compared to conventional α-TCP. The adsorption of honey-derived organic components onto calcium phosphate particles during the setting process was found to influence both the hydrolysis of TCP and the release of calcium and phosphate ions as well as bioactive molecules like polyphenols, methylglyoxal and glyoxal. A more detailed analysis of properties identified enhanced antioxidant and reducing capacity, chelating activity, free radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity of composite cement extracts due to honey addition. Furthermore, the honey promoted the osteogenic potential of the cement system. The α-TCP/honey composite represents a promising candidate for bone regeneration, integrating favorable material properties with pro-osteogenic potential.