Modeling and numerical simulations on the effects of nanoparticles, viscous and Joule heating dissipation on thermal energy and mass transfer enhancement in Herschel-Bulkley fluid in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

Because of the improved thermal conductivity due to nanoparticles and controlled flow behavior, viscoplastic nanofluids are employed as advanced heat-transfer fluids in heat exchangers, solar thermal systems, electronic cooling, microchannels, and energy-storage systems. They are also helpful for regulating fluid motion and enhancing heat management in intricate engineering systems because of their yield-stress and shear-dependent viscosity properties. This study investigates the enhancement of thermal and mass transfer performance in engine oil EO, as a viscoplastic fluid, containing nanoparticles SiO2−MWCNTs, modeled as a Herschel-Bulkley fluid, under porous media and magnetic field effects. The influences of Joule heating, chemical reaction, and viscous dissipation on skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are examined numerically. Di-nanoparticle dispersion increases the Nusselt number by 40.47% and 24.99% for Herschel–Bulkley and Bingham fluids, respectively, in hydrodynamic flow. Under MHD flow, the increases are 42.61% and 23.44% in the Nusselt number for Herschel-Bulkley and Bingham fluid. Nanoparticle dispersion enhances the Sherwood number by 7.65% and 7.26% for Herschel–Bulkley and Bingham fluids when k=0 and increase in the Sherwood number is found to be increased to 8.06% and 7.65% when k=0.5.