A Quantum Support Vector Machine Approach for Cyberbullying Detection in High-Dimensional Text Data

Cyberbullying has become much more common due to the proliferation of social media, which has devastating effects on users' mental health and relationships. Automatic identification of abusive textual content has therefore become an important research problem. Cyberbullying detection has seen extensive use of classical machine learning approaches, notably Support Vector Machines (SVMs); however, their effectiveness can be limited when handling high-dimensional and context-rich textual features. Recent developments in quantum computing introduce new computational paradigms that may enable more expressive feature representations through quantum-enhanced learning models. In this study, we explore the potential of a hybrid. Nowadays classical-quantum architecture to apply a Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) to detect cyberbullying. Experiments were performed on a publicly available Kaggle dataset containing 35,824 labeled tweets. Before TF-IDF feature extraction, the text data underwent preprocessing via cleaning and tokenization. Dimension reduction was carried out using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in respect of qubit constraints. Then, they were embedded into quantum states using angle embedding. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score measures were used to compare QSVM models with various qubit configurations (2, 4, and 6), as well as a traditional SVM baseline, under an 80-20 stratified train-test split. The findings indicate that the quality of QSVM performance is highest with the increase in qubit numbers and the maximum accuracy of the quantum computing method is 60 percent according to six qubits, whereas the classical SVM achieves 67.5 percent. Although the quantum model currently incurs higher computational overhead due to simulator-based implementation, increasing qubit dimensionality enhances its ability to capture complex and non-linear linguistic patterns. These observations indicate that QSVM-based cyberbullying detection remains exploratory at present, with scope for further improvement as quantum hardware and algorithms advance.