I will present multi-scale observational results from our study of radio outflows in "radio-quiet"(RQ) AGN. This study utilises multiple radio observatories, including the VLA, GMRT, and the VLBA, examines the optical spectra of nearby Seyfert and LINER galaxies, and looks at their inter-relationship. Polarization imaging with the VLA and GMRT of Seyfert galaxies such as NGC3516 and NGC4151 suggests stratified radio outflows, consistent with "spine-sheath" jet structures or coexisting "jet-wind" systems. Nested biconical structures are also inferred from VLBA and SDSS emission-line data for the KISSR sample of double-peaked Seyfert and LINER galaxies, supported by MAPPINGS models invoking "shock+precursor ionization" of narrow-line region gas and the prevalence of "fast" 10 - 100 parsec-scale jets revealed by very long baseline interferometry. Several Seyfert galaxies show clear evidence for episodic jet activity; in NGC 2639, multiple relic lobes are detected, while both NGC 2639 and NGC 4051 exhibit molecular-gas cavities on parsec and kiloparsec scales. These findings imply that recurrent, multi-component radio outflows play a significant role in "local AGN feedback" in RQ AGN.
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Preeti Kharb (2026) studied this question.
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