Barriers to Transitioning from Chemical-Input-Dependent Production Practices to Microbial Pesticide Use in GI Pineapple Production: Evidence from Tha Uthen Pineapple Farmers in Thailand

Microbial pesticides are promoted as alternatives to conventional pest-control inputs, yet their use may remain limited in chemically intensive production systems. This study examined chemical-input use, microbial pesticide use, extension exposure, and reported constraints related to the transition to microbial pesticides in geographical indication (GI) pineapple production among Tha Uthen pineapple farmers in Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand. A cross-sectional survey using structured interviews was conducted between February and April 2024 with 134 farmers selected from the registered large-scale farming system (Plang Yai) pineapple groups. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize farmer characteristics, chemical-input dependence, microbial pesticide use, extension exposure, and reported constraints, and a descriptive subgroup profile was provided to characterize farmers with and without microbial pesticide use experience. The results showed that pineapple production remained strongly dependent on chemical-related inputs. Positive annual expenditure on herbicides, ethephon, and chemical fertilizers was reported by 94.0%, 95.5%, and 98.5% of farmers, respectively. Current microbial pesticide use was limited to 2.2% of respondents, while 3.7% had current or former use experience. Nevertheless, 64.9% had received training, and 66.4% had received information on microbial pesticide use. Among the five farmers with use experience, the most frequently reported constraints concerned practical use and product quality or performance, followed by knowledge- and price-related constraints. These findings highlight the need for implementation-oriented support addressing practical application, storage, and product quality or field performance alongside information provision.