Indonesia’s renewable energy mix remains below target, while changes in rooftop photovoltaic (PV) regulation affect the economic attractiveness of PV investments. This study aimed to design an on-grid rooftop PV system based on the maximum available roof area at Campus 4 of Universitas Negeri Gorontalo and compare its economic feasibility under the 1:1 net metering scheme (Ministerial Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 26/2021) and the current scheme (No. 2/2024). A descriptive quantitative case study was conducted on 12 buildings of four faculties. Solar radiation was measured with a solar power meter, temperature data were obtained from the meteorological agency (BMKG), roof area was digitized from satellite imagery and validated against as-built drawings, and the string–inverter configuration was verified against voltage and current limits. Economic feasibility over 25 years was assessed using NPV, IRR, payback period, and BCR at a 5.75% discount rate, followed by one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis. The results show a capacity of 2,494.24 kWp (3,808 modules and 29 inverters) producing about 4.08 GWh per year, 10.5 times the campus consumption of 388 MWh per year. Under net metering 1:1, the project is feasible (NPV IDR 8.05 billion, IRR 9.03%, payback 9.34 years, BCR 1.27) and robust to sensitivity. Under Regulation No. 2/2024, only 9.6% of production has economic value, so the project is not feasible (NPV −IDR 25.68 billion, IRR −22.54%, BCR 0.13) in all scenarios. The capacity should be right-sized to about 237 kWp (a preliminary estimate) under the current regulation. ABSTRAK Bauran energi terbarukan Indonesia masih berada di bawah target, sementara perubahan regulasi PLTS atap memengaruhi daya tarik investasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang PLTS atap on-grid berdasarkan potensi maksimum luas atap Kampus 4 Universitas Negeri Gorontalo serta membandingkan kelayakan ekonominya pada skema net metering 1:1 (Permen ESDM No. Twenty six Tahun 2021) dan skema yang berlaku (Permen ESDM No. 2 Tahun 2024). Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan studi kasus pada 12 gedung di empat fakultas. Radiasi matahari diukur dengan solar power meter, data suhu diperoleh dari BMKG, luas atap didigitasi dari citra satelit dan divalidasi dengan gambar as built drawing, dan konfigurasi string–inverter diverifikasi terhadap batas tegangan dan arus. Kelayakan ekonomi selama 25 tahun dianalisis dengan NPV, IRR, payback period, dan BCR pada tingkat diskonto 5,75%, dilanjutkan analisis sensitivitas satu variabel. Hasilnya, kapasitas sistem sebesar 2.494,24 kWp (3.808 modul dan 29 inverter) menghasilkan sekitar 4,08 GWh per tahun, atau 10,5 kali konsumsi kampus sebesar 388 MWh per tahun. Pada skema net metering 1:1, proyek layak (NPV Rp8,05 miliar, IRR 9,03%, payback 9,34 tahun, BCR 1,27) dan tahan terhadap perubahan asumsi. Pada Permen ESDM No. 2 Tahun 2024, hanya 9,6% produksi yang bernilai ekonomi sehingga proyek tidak layak (NPV −Rp25,68 miliar, IRR −22,54%, BCR 0,13) pada seluruh skenario. Kapasitas perlu disesuaikan menjadi sekitar 237 kWp (estimasi awal) pada regulasi saat ini.
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Mento et al. (2026) studied this question.
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