Coupling analysis and disturbance suppression of multiple electromagnets in maglev trains based on an error compensation network

The levitation system is essential for non-contact operation in maglev trains, with control performance being critical for stable long-term operation. In low-speed maglev trains with electromagnetic suspension (EMS), the coupling of multiple electromagnet modules enhances coordination but also transmits coupled vibrations, requiring vibration suppression for stability. This paper develops the dynamic model of a two-point levitation system based on the single-point levitation system of low-speed EMS maglev trains and analyzes its coupling characteristics. A Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control (LADRC) levitation controller is designed for disturbance suppression, with a cross-coupling compensation loop to improve synchronization. A Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy neural network-based synchronous error compensator is introduced to reduce gap deviation and ensure synchronization of electromagnets. Experimental validation shows that with the LADRC controller, the gap deviation stays within 0.15 mm, while the error compensator reduces it to under 0.1 mm, improving synchronization and preventing performance degradation from a fixed cross-coupling coefficient.