Exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve cognition. Exercise orchestrates a coordinated response across multiple peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscle and liver, which release circulatory factors capable of influencing neural function. This emerging framework expands our understanding from exercise-mediated adaptations within the central nervous system to body-wide adaptations that converge to promote cognitive function. SUMMARY: A review of exercise-induced secretion of circulatory factors from the skeletal muscle and liver that are capable of influencing cognition.
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Kerr et al. (2026) studied this question.
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