First Report on the Seasonal Occurrence of True Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Endemic to Oceanic Islands: Case Studies on Chichijima Island, the Ogasawara Archipelago, Japan

The seasonal occurrence of adults and nymphs of endemic heteropteran species, including semi-aquatic predators, terrestrial herbivores, and predators on the subtropical island of Chichijima, the Ogasawara Archipelago, Japan, is described. Year-round occurrence was observed for Xiphovelia boninensis Esaki and Miyamoto (Veliidae), Microvelia yoshitomii Watanabe (Veliidae), Micracanthia boninana (Drake) (Saldidae), Omoplax desecta (Horváth) (Tingidae), Kitocoris omura Herring (Anthocoridae), and an undescribed species in the genus Pachygrontha Germar (Pachygronthidae), suggesting prolonged reproductive periods and multivoltinism. In contrast, nymphs and adults of Lygocorias boninensis (Yasunaga) exhibited a distinct seasonal absence. Data for Gardena boninensis Ishikawa and Nesoproxius kishimotoi Shimamoto and Nagashima were not adequate to determine any seasonal pattern. Species seasonal occurrence patterns differed between habitats and are possibly associated with habitat suitability, wing morph frequency, and host plant phenology. This study is the first to compare the year-round seasonal occurrence of adults and nymphs among multiple endemic heteropteran families on an oceanic island and provides the first information on the seasonal occurrence and voltinism for the family Pachygronthidae.