The discovery of gargantuan black holes (BHs) with masses in excess of a billion solar masses at z > 6 suggests extremely rapid BH growth and significant energy input into their host galaxies in the early Universe. As observations continue to probe these objects at higher redshifts, developing a robust theoretical framework for their formation and impact is crucial. In this work, we use high-resolution zoom-in simulations of a massive protocluster at z ~ 6, employing both the fiducial FABLE galaxy formation model and modifications to allow earlier seeding and super-Eddington accretion. We perform radiative transfer calculations in post-processing with a novel ray-tracing code to assess the effects of the quasar radiation field on its environment. We find that super-Eddington accretion drives strong feedback, launching powerful outflows that (i) increase the abundance of fast cold gas and (ii) strengthen the impact of the quasar radiation field, piercing far into the circumgalactic and intergalactic media.
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Tortora et al. (2026) studied this question.
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