Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches to Autism Spectrum Disorder in Pediatrics

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction, associated with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Its clinical heterogeneity poses a challenge for diagnosis and for defining therapeutic strategies tailored to each child’s needs. In this regard, the present study aims to analyze the main diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to ASD in pediatrics, taking into account recent scientific evidence. This is a narrative literature review conducted through searches of the PubMed database, using search terms related to autism and childhood developmental disorders, in accordance with the established eligibility criteria. The analyzed studies highlight the importance of monitoring child development, using standardized screening tools, and conducting a comprehensive clinical evaluation for the early identification of the disorder; genetic testing may contribute to clarifying its etiology in indicated cases. Regarding treatment, early behavioral and developmental interventions form the basis of care, although their outcomes vary depending on the approach used and the outcomes assessed. Pharmacotherapy, in turn, is primarily directed toward managing specific symptoms and associated conditions, while noninvasive neuromodulation shows promising results but still requires additional studies to confirm its efficacy and safety. It is concluded that care for children with ASD must be individualized, continuous, and grounded in scientific evidence, taking into account the particularities of child development, associated conditions, and the needs of each patient. Furthermore, the importance of improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is emphasized, with the aim of enhancing the quality of care and promoting quality of life.