Late complications after limb amputations in gunshot injury (literature review)

Modern gunshot injury is a special type of pathology characterized by numerous features that determine the specifics of amputations and subsequent complications after them. The mechanism of tissue damage and the nature of the wounds, as well as subsequent operations, create the prerequisites for a more frequent occurrence of various complications. The most common complications after limb amputations in the wounded are neuromas, phantom pains, heterotopic ossification, infections, excess or lack of soft tissues of the stump. Complications after amputations require repeated surgical interventions and complicate subsequent prosthetics. The review reflects current views on the most common late complications after limb amputations as a result of gunshot injury. Special attention is paid to such complications as neuromas and heterotopic ossification. A comprehensive analysis of the literature on PubMed, Google Scholar, and e-Library databases for the period from 2010 to 2025 is presented. The analysis included 24 fulltext publications of any design that most fully correspond to the main keywords. It has been confirmed that traumatic limb amputations are severe complications of combat trauma and are characterized by a high level of mortality, complications and disability.