A Comprehensive Review of the Physical Examination of the Elbow in the Throwing Athlete

Elbow pain is a significant source of morbidity in overhead throwing athletes, arising from a spectrum of pathologies including ulnar collateral ligament injury, valgus extension overload, medial epicondylitis, ulnar neuritis, radiocapitellar pathology, and more. Accurate diagnosis requires a systematic physical examination combined with advanced imaging. This technical note describes a comprehensive examination protocol for the throwing athlete's elbow.