Identity transformation through non-formal cultural education: negotiating belonging in Eastern European regional context

Drawing on a sector or target group theory of change, this article examines processes of identity transformation through non-formal cultural education. It is based on data collected during 13 months of fieldwork (2024–2025) conducted within the framework of the ‘Cultural Literacies’ Value in Europe’ (CLiViE) project, supported by the Horizon Europe Programme (No. 101132285). The study shows how change unfolds within a specific target group through the implementation of non-formal educational and cultural activities. By integrating arts-based and sport-based activities within a single analytical framework, the study provides novel insights into how young people in a multicultural and geopolitically sensitive region (Daugavpils, Latvia) develop resilient and inclusive identities through engagement in non-formal cultural education. The findings contribute to broader discussions on cultural literacy, informal pedagogy, and youth development in Europe, highlighting the transformative potential of non-formal educational practices and deepening understanding of how non-formal education can foster social cohesion.