Development of an IoT-Based Smart Water Meter System with Real-Time Monitoring for Household Water Consumption

Household water consumption that is not properly monitored can lead to water wastage and difficulties in determining actual water usage. Therefore, an automated monitoring system is needed to help control water usage, improve water management, and minimize the risk of water tank overflow. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Water Meter system with real-time monitoring. The research method is Research and Development (R&D), which includes needs identification, hardware design using a NodeMCU V3 (ESP8266) and an ultrasonic sensor, software development using the Arduino IDE, and system testing. Testing included calibrating the ultrasonic sensor by comparing its readings with actual distances at several water levels, testing data transmission to the server and web dashboard, testing the 16×2 LCD display, and testing the buzzer and notification functions when the tank is full. The calibration results showed that the sensor error ranged from 1.00% at a distance of 100 cm to 10.00% at a distance of 10 cm. The system displayed water-level and volume information in real time through the LCD and web dashboard, and activated the buzzer and sent a notification when the tank reached its full capacity, equivalent to 100% or a volume of 1,000 liters. Therefore, the developed system can help users monitor water tank conditions and manage household water consumption more conveniently.