The Constellation of Labor Productivity Orbits in Ukraine

The article provides a critical analysis of the approach to explaining labour productivity through a combination of entrepreneurship, education, and health. It was proved that the groups of these factors represent orbis, that is, strategic constructs that formulate and explain the behavior of productivity. It is argued that these factors are important for the formation of human and economic potential, but their presence does not automatically result in higher actual labour productivity. The study demonstrates that complex organizational, technological, managerial, institutional, and motivational mechanisms operate between the accumulation of potential and its economic realization. Education, health, and entrepreneurial activity are therefore considered more appropriately as prerequisites for productivity rather than as self-sufficient determinants of its level. Particular attention is paid to the productive realization of human capital: the same level of education, competencies, or health status may generate different economic outcomes depending on the technological level of production, work organization, quality of management, capital intensity, and institutional environment. The article substantiates the need to move from a simple list of productivity factors towards an analysis of the mechanisms through which these factors are transformed into economic outcomes. It is concluded that increasing labour productivity in Ukraine requires not only the development of human potential but also the creation of conditions for its productive utilization through technological modernization, improved work organization and management, innovation, and institutional development. Strategic objectives include not only an increase in the flow rate of productivity, but the formation of such a system of mutual illumination, health and enterprise, as well as the safe development of human capital and its transformation with high economic efficiency. Increasing labor productivity in Ukraine requires not only the development of human potential but also the creation of conditions for its productive utilization through a constellation of spheres, orbisis.