Autologous platelet-rich plasma therapy in complex treatment of musculoskeletal disorders: a review

INTRODUCTION. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is a promising minimally invasive method for treating musculoskeletal disorders based on the use of platelet-rich plasma. Its relevance is due to the growth of degenerative-dystrophic joint diseases and the need for alternatives to surgical intervention. AIM. Analysis and generalization of modern data on the molecular mechanisms of action of autologous platelet plasma treatment, the results of recent clinical studies, as well as analysis of differentiated approaches to autologous platelet plasma treatment in various musculoskeletal pathologies, taking into account the age and clinical characteristics of patients based on high-quality scientific publications from 2020 to 2025. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A systematic analysis of scientific publications for 2020–2025 from the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLIBRARY.RU databases was conducted using the keywords In Russian and English: platelet-rich plasma, PRP therapy, regenerative medicine, osteoarthritis, sports injuries, musculoskeletal disorders. The analysis included randomized trials and meta-analyses on the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma treatment for musculoskeletal disorders. The efficacy was assessed using pain scales, functional indicators, and instrumental diagnostic data. The analysis included 45 scientific publications, including 38 foreign and 7 Russian. MAIN CONTENT OF THE REVIEW. In knee osteoarthritis, a positive effect in the form of pain reduction and improved function lasting 6–12 months has been observed, offering advantages over hyaluronic acid. In the treatment of tendinopathies, especially epicondylitis, the use of PRP (autologous platelet rich plasma) shows moderate efficacy. In ligament and muscle injuries, the results are mixed. The quality of PRP, platelet concentration, and individual patient characteristics have a key influence. CONCLUSION. PRP therapy is effective in the comprehensive treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies, especially in osteoarthritis and tendinopathies. The autologous nature of the method ensures its safety. Standardization of protocols, large-scale studies, and development of personalized approaches are needed to improve the effectiveness of treatment and the quality of life of patients.