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Linda C. Zimmerman, Michael P. O'Connor, Susan J. Bulova, James R. Spotila, Stanley J. Kemp, Christopher J. Salice, Thermal Ecology of Desert Tortoises in the Eastern Mojave Desert: Seasonal Patterns of Operative and Body Temperatures, and Microhabitat Utilization, Herpetological Monographs, Vol. 8 (1994), pp. 45-59
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Zimmerman et al. (1994) studied this question.
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