Ultracool dwarfs span from the coldest main-sequence stars to brown dwarfs, and their atmospheres represent valuable astrophysical laboratories. However, identifying faint ultracool dwarfs can be a challenge. Using time-series images from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Backyard Worlds: Cool Neighbors citizen science project has crowdsourced the search for ultracool dwarfs based on visual assessment of high proper motion. We reviewed hundreds of candidate discoveries submitted by Cool Neighbors participants to confirm detectable proper motion, then used SPHEREx to derive spectral types. Here, we present nine spectroscopically confirmed ultracool dwarf discoveries, with spectral types ranging from M7-L1.
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Subramanian et al. (2026) studied this question.
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