Magnetic tunnel junctions: the evolution, impact and perspective

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) study in the past three decades, resulting in over 25,000 publications while adding 1000 more each year, has become among the most persuasive areas of research. MTJ devices lead the ubiquitous success of spintronics for technological advancement from most aspects of information technology to health sciences, with unprecedented, all-encompassing benefits to the society. We navigate through the evolution of the developing field of MTJs and the related technologies, with continued efforts for improving the tunnel magnetoresistance ratio. The MTJs' excellent ability to convert spin signals to charge signals secures their extensive commercial applications in magnetic data storage and field sensing. More advanced implementation and progress such as with neuromorphic and probabilistic computing entail from here.