A holistic approach that connects pharmaceutics, manufacturing technologies and Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the sustainable development of pharmaceuticals is highly significant in the current era. In this review, how advanced manufacturing technologies, namely, Process Analytical Technology (PAT), Continuous Manufacturing (CM), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and digital twins can be implemented to improve product quality and at the same time reduce energy consumption, wastage of materials, and environmental consequences has been analyzed. Sustainability indicators such as Process Mass Intensity (PMI), the improved Green Aspiration Level 2.0 and carbon emission factors have been explored for correlation with processes and the features identified as highlighting environmental sustainability. Other circular strategies like solvent recovery, water reuse and sustainable packaging are also stated. The key result of this investigation is the Sustainable Pharmaceutical Integration Framework (SPIF) enabling the integration of modern manufacturing, LCA measurements, digital decision tools and Circular Economy (CE) strategies in a single decision-making pathway. This approach will enable identification of potential environmental problems at an early stage and will optimize production to meet all product requirements. Further research needs include expanded API toxicity databases, larger and more harmonized LCA standards, and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA). In a nutshell, sustainability means complete integration of the sustainability concept into the pharmaceutical to achieve eco-friendly and sustainable drug development.
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Dennison et al. (2026) studied this question.
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