Voltage–Current-Emission Framework of Time-Resolved Electroluminescence

Time-resolved electroluminescence has been a central methodology for the development of LED devices. However, it still lacks quantitative theoretical descriptions of time-resolved electroluminescence. By combining the equivalent circuit models of semiconductor devices and the carrier dynamics of electroluminescence processes, here we have developed a voltage–current-emission framework to illustrate time-resolved electroluminescence from the pulse voltage as input, to injection current, and finally generate electroluminescence as output. The features of different LED devices can be quantitatively interpreted, confirming their universal applicability across LEDs with different materials and device structures. Importantly, the curves of time-resolved electroluminescence can be simulated to quantitatively describe the dynamics of current and carriers of the LED operation. In all, the voltage–current–emission framework offers theoretical guidance for achieving advanced LED devices for artificial intelligence (AI) technology.