A Critical Review of the Role of Panchakarma Procedures in Hair and Hair Health

Hair is an important appendage of the skin that contributes not only to physical appearance but also to thermoregulation, sensory perception, and protection against environmental factors. Hair growth is a dynamic biological process regulated by genetic, hormonal, nutritional, neural, vascular, and immunological factors. Disturbances in these regulatory mechanisms lead to various hair disorders such as alopecia, premature graying, and excessive hair shedding, which significantly affect an individual's quality of life. Ayurveda describes Kesha (hair) as the Mala of Asthi Dhatu and emphasizes the importance of balanced Tridosha, healthy Dhatus, and proper nourishment for maintaining healthy hair. Various Ayurvedic procedures including Nasya Karma, Shiroabhyanga, Shirodhara, Shiro Pichu, Shiro Basti, Shiro Lepa, Prachanna, and Raktamokshana have traditionally been employed to improve scalp health and promote hair growth. Modern scientific evidence suggests that these procedures enhance local blood circulation, improve nutrient delivery, reduce oxidative stress, modulate neuroendocrine responses, and improve follicular function. This review integrates contemporary understanding of hair physiology with classical Ayurvedic concepts and discusses the probable mechanisms by which Ayurvedic procedures support hair growth and scalp health.