This study systematically reviews Innovative Work Behaviour (IWB) research in healthcare from 2016–2026 using PRISMA guidelines, analysing 54 studies from Scopus and Watase databases. The findings reveal rapid growth of IWB research after 2021, with leadership was the most frequently examined antecedent/domain, followed by organizational climate, motivation, and psychological capital. Existing studies remain largely focused on individual-level factors and nursing populations, with Social Exchange Theory as the most frequently applied framework, while theoretical integration across perspectives remains limited. Recent studies highlight the growing influence of digital organizational culture, digital self-efficacy, artificial intelligence, and technology dependence, indicating a shift toward digitally integrated explanations of IWB. This review proposes a leadership–resource–digital framework and emphasizes the need for future multilevel, cross-disciplinary, longitudinal, and technology-oriented healthcare innovation research.
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Kalsum et al. (2026) studied this question.
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