ART in HIV and factors affecting adherence to ART among HIV-positive individuals: a review

Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) has greatly enhanced the quality of life for individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) globally. In regions where ART is widely accessible, there has been a noticeable decline in HIV-related illness and death, making Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) a manageable chronic condition. For ART to be most effective, patients must maintain a high level of adherence. Consistent adherence is essential to achieve the full benefits of treatment and to prevent the development of drug resistance. Despite this, numerous barriers to adherence exist in both developed and developing countries. This review aims to examine the impact of HIV, evaluate adherence rates, and identify factors that influence adherence to ART among people living with HIV. It highlights the importance of providing intensive adherence counseling before starting therapy. Healthcare providers should also identify potential obstacles to adherence early and implement appropriate strategies to address them.