Monitoring System of Air Humidity and Soil Moisture Detector Device on Limited Land for Chili Plants Based on IoT

Cultivating bird's eye chili in limited land such as pots, polybags, and rooftop gardens has become a common solution for urban communities, yet plant care is still largely performed manually without reference to actual soil moisture, air humidity, or temperature conditions. This study designs and implements an IoT-based monitoring and automatic watering system for bird's eye chili grown in limited land, using an ESP32 Dev Kit V1, a Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor v2.0, a DHT22 sensor, a relay module, a 9V DC water pump, an I2C LCD, and the Blynk platform. The system applies two independent pump triggering mechanisms: a soil moisture trigger, which switches the pump on when soil moisture drops below 60% and off once it reaches 80% or higher; and an air temperature trigger, which activates the pump in a pulsed misting cycle whenever air temperature exceeds 30°C, switching the pump on for 5 seconds followed by a 30 second cooldown before temperature is re-evaluated. The pump turns on whenever either trigger, or both, is satisfied. Testing results show the system accurately reads environmental conditions and responds correctly to both triggers, with all sensor data and pump status monitorable in real time through the I2C LCD and the Blynk application.