Building Information Modeling for Infrastructure Lifecycle Management: A Systematic Review of Interoperability, Asset Management, and Digital Twins

The digital transformation of infrastructure management calls for a shift from BIM models developed primarily for design to information environments that can support inspection, maintenance, monitoring, and decision-making throughout the asset lifecycle. This paper presents a systematic review of the role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and related technologies in civil infrastructure management. The review examines 97 primary studies selected from 531 records retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science. The searches used to build the corpus were last accessed on 16 August 2026; the common publication-year range is 2015–2026. Of the 97 included studies, 73 (75.3%) were published in 2022–2026. Bridges and roads account for 45 studies, while 77 address operation and maintenance, asset management or the full life cycle. In 65 studies, the dominant information-related role concerns interoperability and data modelling. The technology classification allows multiple labels per study and identifies Digital Twin/IoT/SHM in 49 studies and open standards/semantic interoperability in 47. These labels alone do not establish the operational maturity of the solutions. The comparison of cases distinguishes implemented functions from conceptual frameworks and identifies cases of one-way updating. The synthesis highlights gaps in semantic continuity, updating, governance and long-term operational validation. Study heterogeneity, sequential checking, unretrieved reports and the eligibility period limit the generalisability of the findings. The proposed pathway organises complementary capabilities without assuming a universal sequence or claiming measured improvements in maintenance.