Type 2 Diabetes and Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study of Medication Adherence and Self-Management Behaviors

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is associated with improved glycemic outcomes, largely in insulin-treated populations, potentially through enhanced engagement and self-management. Its relationship with adherence to oral diabetes medications remains unclear. This study aimed to assess medication adherence among CGM users prescribed oral diabetes medications and explore perceived behavioral changes associated with CGM use. A cross-sectional pilot survey was conducted among adults with type 2 diabetes using CGM and at least one oral diabetes medication, recruited from a community pharmacy. Concurrent insulin use was not exclusionary and was not recorded. Adherence was measured using the 9-item Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale (HB-MAS). Quantitative data were summarized descriptively, and qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis. Twenty-nine participants completed the survey (mean age 54.7, SD 12.9 years; 59% female). CGM use was well established (62% ≥ 12 months; 90% checked glucose multiple times daily). Self-reported adherence was high (mean HB-MAS 34.1 ± 2.2; median 35), with 72% classified as excellent (≥33). No differences were observed across age groups (P = .46). Most participants reported CGM improved medication consistency (72%) and dietary choices (69%), with smaller effects on physical activity (31%). Themes included convenience, real-time feedback, and reduced finger sticks. Among established CGM users, self-reported adherence was high and perceived to improve with CGM use, suggesting CGM feedback may support medication-taking behaviors. Because concurrent insulin use was not recorded, findings may not generalize to individuals treated with oral agents alone. Further study using objective adherence measures and longitudinal designs is warranted.