Attack-Resilient Multi-Bit Image Watermarking Framework via Latent Coordinate Sign Clamping

Watermarking is essential for image copyright protection and attribution, yet existing methods suffer from fundamental trade-offs among post-hoc applicability to pre-existing images, multi-bit capacity, training-free deployment, and adversarial resilience. To address these limitations, we propose a training-free watermarking framework that exploits the overcompleteness of diffusion latent spaces to embed multi-bit payloads into arbitrary images while preserving high visual quality. Additionally, we develop a three-layer decoding pipeline that combines magnitude-weighted majority voting, BCH, and Chase decoding to maximize message-extraction accuracy in the presence of channel noise. To counter active adversaries, our framework integrates a steganalysis-resistant noise camouflage layer and a dual-layer forgery defense that combines perceptual hashing with a Reed-Solomon fuzzy commitment scheme over CLIP features. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that our method applies to both natural and AI-generated images with a scalable 32--128-bit capacity. Furthermore, it effectively mitigates advanced removal vectors ($94.6%$ decode rate against CtrlRegen+ regeneration attacks) and secures robust forgery detection ($98.8%$ accuracy via joint CLIP and RS fuzzy commitment mechanism).