Impact of online food delivery applications on eating habits of medical undergraduates in district Ludhiana: a cross-sectional study

Background: Online food delivery applications (OFDAs) have emerged as a popular food-ordering option among young adults, potentially affecting their dietary patterns. This study examined the impact of OFDA usage on eating habits among medical undergraduates in Ludhiana district. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 420 medical undergraduates between March and May 2026. Data were obtained through a pretested Google Form following informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests and multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: Among 420 participants, 407 (96.9%) reported using OFDAs, primarily for convenience (68.6%), cravings (62.1%) and dissatisfaction with hostel food (55.0%). Food was ordered once weekly by 38.6% and 2-3 times weekly by 36.6%, predominantly during evenings (73.5%). Meal skipping was reported by 64.8%, while 54.8% consumed fast food 2-3 times weekly. Increased unhealthy food consumption was perceived by 75.0%. Frequent OFDA usage was significantly associated with meal skipping (AOR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.10-2.79; p=0.018), delayed meals (AOR=2.03; 95% CI: 1.27-3.23; p=0.003), earlier meals (AOR=2.27; 95% CI: 1.06-4.87; p=0.036) and increased snacking (AOR=1.93; 95% CI: 1.05–3.57; p=0.036). Conclusions: OFDA utilization was highly prevalent and associated with unfavourable eating behaviours among medical undergraduates. Targeted nutritional awareness initiatives and improved access to healthier food choices may encourage better dietary practices.