Formulation and Evaluation of Sunscreen Cream Based on Cassava Peel (Manihot esculenta) Extract

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause various forms of skin damage, necessitating the development of effective sunscreen preparations. Cassava peel (Manihot esculenta) is an agricultural waste material containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds that have potential for development as active ingredients in sunscreen preparations. This study aimed to formulate cassava peel ethanol extract into a sunscreen cream with varying extract concentrations and to evaluate the physical characteristics and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values of the preparations. Cassava peel was extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol for 3 x 24 hours. The resulting extract was then formulated into sunscreen creams containing 2 g (F1), 2.5 g (F2), and 3 g (F3) of extract. The preparations were evaluated based on organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity, and SPF values, which were determined using UV Vis spectrophotometry. SPF data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test at a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that the yield of cassava peel extract was 2%. Increasing the extract concentration resulted in a change in the color, of the preparations from milky white to pink. The pH, spreadability, and viscosity of all formulations were within the specified acceptable ranges. The SPF values increased with increasing extract concentration, namely 12.37 for F1, 14.67 for F2, and 16.36 for F3. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in SPF values among the formulations (p<0.05), with F3 exhibiting the highest SPF value. Based on these findings, F3containing 3 g of extract demonstrated the best UV protection effectiveness.