Volumetric and Acoustic Investigation of Citicoline Sodium in Aqueous Solutions over the Temperature Range (288.15-318.15) K

The current study presents a methodical analysis of the volumetric and acoustic characteristics of Citicoline Sodium in aqueous solution at concentrations between (0.01-0.1) mol kg⁻¹ and temperatures between (288.15-318.15) K at intervals of 5 K. Citicoline Sodium, an ionic pharmaceutical compound containing phosphate, hydroxyl, and quaternary ammonium functionalities, possesses several sites capable of interaction with water. The investigation was undertaken to characterize the thermophysical behavior of the Citicoline Sodium + Water binary system and to obtain information on its molecular interactions in aqueous media. The produced solutions' density and speed of sound were measured, and the experimental data were then utilized to assess apparent molal volume , limiting apparent molar volume ( ), limiting apparent molar expansibilities ( ), isentropic compressibility ( ), apparent molal isentropic compressibility ( ), limiting apparent molar isentropic compression of solute ( ). According to reported results, Citicoline Sodium is a structure-breaking solute in aqueous solution, and temperature has a significant impact on its hydration behavior and molecular interactions. The negative ( ) values suggest significant Citicoline Sodium + Water interactions and a less compressible solvation environment.