Percutaneous kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures: a comparison of long-term follow-up results

Background: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are significant health issues caused by osteoporosis, frequently observed in elderly individuals. This study aims to compare the clinical and radiological efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in the treatment of OVCFs. The study evaluates the complication profiles and long-term outcomes of these 2 methods to contribute to the literature. Methods: A total of 93 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria included fractures confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging at the T12-L2 levels, a diagnosis of osteoporosis, and complete follow-up data. PKP and PVP procedures were performed using standard techniques. Clinical outcomes and radiographic parameters (vertebral height restoration and Cobb angle correction) were assessed over a 48-month follow-up period as the primary variables. Results: Both methods significantly improved Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores compared with preoperative levels ( P <0.05). PKP demonstrated superior pain control and functional recovery in the early period (1 d, 1 wk, and 1 mo) compared with PVP, but this difference was not statistically significant beyond 3 months. Radiographic evaluations showed greater vertebral height restoration (4.5 vs. 1.9 mm) and Cobb angle correction (12.92 vs. 7.51 degrees) in the PKP group compared with the PVP group. Conclusions: While PKP stands out for its superior clinical and radiographic outcomes in the early period, PVP offers advantages in shorter operative time and ease of application. However, in long-term follow-ups, both methods provide comparable results.