Assessment of the Hepato Protective Activity of Coleus Scutellarioides (Leaf) Extract in Wistar Albino Rats

This study examined whether an ethanolic Coleus scutellarioides leaf extract might protect rats' livers from paracetamol injury. After ethanol extraction, 350 g of leaves yielded 19.0 g of crude extract, a yield percentage of 5.42%. The initial phytochemical analysis did not detect steroids, triterpenoids, or saponins, but it did detect glycosides, carbs, proteins, amino acids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic chemicals. The quantitative investigation found considerable phytoconstituents, including 42.56 mg/g GAE phenolics and 31.4 mg/g RE flavonoids. Paracetamol hepatotoxic at 750 mg/kg. Compared to normal controls, the group treated with paracetamol had significantly higher levels of SGPT (113.40 ± 1.74 U/L), SGOT (120.61 ± 1.86 U/L), ALP (252.05 ± 10.65 U/L), and total bilirubin (3.42 ± 0.11 mg/dL). These biochemical parameters were markedly enhanced aftertreatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg of Coleus scutellarioides extract. The levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and total bilirubin were lowered to 49.36 ± 1.57 U/L, 53.44 ± 1.76 U/L, 173.05 ± 2.39 U/L, and 1.07 ± 0.04 mg/dL, respectively, at the higher dose, which was similar to the results seen with the conventional medication silymarin. Treatment with 400 mg/kg resulted in enhanced hepatic architecture, decreased hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory alterations, as proven by histopathological investigation, further demonstrating the hepatoprotective effect. Overall, the findings indicate that Coleus scutellarioides ethanolic leaf extract, particularly at 400 mg/kg, contains phenolic, flavonoid, and other bioactive compounds that may protect the liver.