From Haze to Human Capital: A Systematic Literature Review of the Causal Effects of Landscape Fire Smoke on Health and Education

This is the registered protocol for a systematic review of causal evidence on the effects of exposure to landscape fire smoke (forest, peatland, bush, and wildland fires, and agricultural burning) on health and education outcomes, at all ages and in all countries. We include quasi-experimental and natural-experiment studies published in Q1–Q2 journals (SJR), NBER working papers, and scholarly book chapters, identified through Scopus, Business Source Complete, NBER, and snowballing. Two reviewers screen records independently in Rayyan with blinding. Credibility is assessed with an instrument adapted from ROBINS-I, and evidence is synthesized narratively following SWiM: by age at exposure and outcome type, by country context (developing vs developed countries and coping mechanisms), and by identification strategy and data type. A meta-regression of effect estimates is an option if enough comparable estimates are available. Reporting follows PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-S.