Latent profile analysis and associated factors of work engagement among ICU nurses

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Objective This study aimed to identify the latent profiles of work engagement among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and to examine the associated factors with different engagement categories. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using convenience sampling among ICU nurses from July 2023 to January 2024. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), the Person–Organization Fit Assessment Scale, the Caring Assessment Tool—Administration (CAT-admin), and the Organizational Justice Scale. Data were analyzed using latent profile analysis (LPA) and binary logistic regression. Results Two distinct latent profiles of work engagement were identified: the Low Engagement–High Vigor Group (44.2%) and the High Engagement–Low Dedication Group (55.8%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the weekly frequency of proactive communication with head nurses, perceived managerial caring, and perceived organizational justice were significant predictors of ICU nurses’ work engagement ( p < 0.05). Conclusion ICU nurses exhibit heterogeneous patterns of work engagement. Nursing managers should enhance engagement by strengthening managerial communication, fostering perceptions of caring leadership, and cultivating a fair and supportive organizational environment.