Electrospun Fibers in the Biomedical Field: Where Drug Delivery Meets Tissue Repair and Regeneration

Electrospinning is a versatile and highly effective technique for fabricating nanofibrous matrices and has been widely employed across numerous scientific and engineering disciplines. Owing to its ability to produce fibers with high surface area, tunable morphology, and structural similarity to the native extracellular matrix, electrospinning has attracted considerable attention in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the application of electrospinning for drug delivery and tissue regeneration, highlighting its potential to develop innovative therapeutic platforms and regenerative scaffolds for a broad range of biomedical applications. The paper starts with a brief explanation about the basis of electrospinning techniques and how process parameters can affect the product characteristics. The two main areas of interest are then addressed: (i) pharmaceutical applications, where electrospun nanofibers are employed as drug delivery systems encapsulating and controlling the release of therapeutic agents, and (ii) biomedical applications, where electrospun scaffolds serve not only as structural supports for tissue repair but also as multifunctional delivery platforms for bioactive molecules that promote and support tissue regeneration. A selection of recent experimental studies is critically discussed, focusing on design strategies for electrospun polymeric matrices that combine structural support with therapeutic functionality, with particular emphasis on common protocols for developing tissue‐regeneration scaffolds with integrated drug delivery capabilities.