Literature review of the effects of drug abuse during pregnancy on maternal health

Singapore remains vulnerable to the evolving international drug abuse situation. According to data from the Central Narcotics Bureau of Singapore, 3122 drug abusers were arrested in 2023, of whom 15% were female. We undertook a comprehensive literature search from inception to April 2021 on a range of illicit drugs, including the commonly abused drugs in Singapore-methamphetamine, heroin, new psychoactive substances, cannabis, cocaine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Our objective was to provide an overview of the effects of these drugs on maternal health, enabling healthcare providers to holistically manage maternal well-being. Notably, the extent of these effects depends on the type of drug involved, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. Drug abuse in pregnancy is a complex medical problem that requires a comprehensive management strategy addressing physical, emotional and social aspects.